Impact of the Dreissena invasion on native unionid bivalves in the upper St. Lawrence River

نویسنده

  • A. Ricciardi
چکیده

Introduced Eurasian mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) colonized native unionid bivalves in the upper St. Lawrence River in the early 1990s. From 1992 to 1995, we examined the infestation and impact of Dreissena on unionids at several sites near the Island of MontrØal. Unionids suffered heavy (90–100%) mortality at sites where Dreissena occurred in high densities (i.e., 4000 – 20 000/m2). Mean infestations (<100 dreissenids/unionid) were 10–100 times lower than those reported for infested unionid populations in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair, yet resulted in similarly high mortality levels. At two St. Lawrence River sites, significant declines in unionid density were first observed when mean infestations exceeded 10/unionid. North American data suggest that populations of unionids that carry, on average, a mass of Dreissena nearly equal to or greater than their own mass will become extirpated. We hypothesize that dreissenid infestation enhances unionid mortality primarily by interfering with normal activity (feeding, respiration, locomotion) in such a way as to cause the unionid to expend energy reserves required for surviving winter. Résumé : Au dØbut des annØes 1990 dans le cour supØrieur du Saint-Laurent, des moules eurasiennes (Dreissena polymorpha et Dreissena bugensis) introduites ont colonisØ des bivalves de la famille des unionidØs, indigŁnes dans ces eaux. De 1992 à 1995, nous avons ØtudiØ l’infestation et ØvaluØ l’impact des Dreissena chez les unionidØs de diverses stations situØes à proximitØ de l’île de MontrØal. Là oø la densitØ des Dreissena Øtait ØlevØe (c’est à dire de 4000 à 20 000 m–2), la mortalitØ a ØtØ trŁs forte chez les unionidØs (90–100%). Les infestations moyennes (<100 Dreissena/unionidØ) Øtaient 10–100 fois moindres que celles qui ont touchØ les populations d’unionidØs des lacs ÉriØ et Saint-Clair, mais la mortalitØ a atteint des valeurs à peu prŁs aussi ØlevØes. Dans deux stations du fleuve Saint-Laurent, la densitØ des unionidØs a baissØ dans une mesure significative lorsque l’infestation moyenne a dØpassØ 10 Dreissena/unionidØ. D’aprŁs les donnØes recueillies en AmØrique du Nord, lorsque la masse des Dreissena est, en moyenne, presque Øgale ou supØrieure à la masse de la population d’unionidØs hôte, cette derniŁre est destinØe à disparaître. Selon notre hypothŁse, l’infestation de Dreissena fait augmenter la mortalitØ chez les unionidØs principalement en nuisant aux activitØs normales (alimentation, respiration, locomotion) de son hôte, celui-ci devant puiser dans les rØserves ØnergØtiques qui lui permettrait normalement de survivre en

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تاریخ انتشار 1996